Appreciating the wrongfulness of criminal conduct: Implications for the age of criminal responsibility
Paul Wagland and Kay Bussey
Legal and Criminological Psychology
Article first published online: 26 NOV 2015
DOI: 10.1111/lcrp.12090. © 2015 The British Psychological Society
Purpose
Although the ability to appreciate the wrongfulness of criminal conduct and to distinguish it from childish mischief forms the basis of Age of Criminal Responsibility (ACR) legislation in many countries, empirical research on the extent to which children possess this ability is limited. It was the aim of this study to investigate this issue.
Methods
A total of 132 males and females from four age groups (8, 12, and 16 years and adults) participated in the study. Participants listened to a series of vignettes which described a person committing a transgression. The seriousness of the transgressions varied across vignettes. Participants then provided ratings on the wrongfulness and outcome expectations associated with the conduct described in the vignette.
Results
Participants from all age groups evaluated criminal conduct more negatively than mischievous conduct. Participants from all age groups also anticipated more negative self-reactions, more negative reactions from peers, and more severe legal sanctions for criminal conduct.
Conclusions
Eight-year-olds from the study sample demonstrated that they meet the current cognitive standard associated with achieving the ACR. These 8-year-olds also provided evidence that they were comparable to older children and adults in terms of their understanding of the wrongfulness of criminal behaviour and the ability to distinguish it from mischievous behaviour.
Source: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/lcrp.12090/abstract?campaign…